初中英語(yǔ)--賓語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)

復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容：賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)歸納

復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)：

1、掌握引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的各種連詞

2、掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序主句+連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)

3、掌握賓語(yǔ)從句，主句與從句在時(shí)態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)。

重點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)

難點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng);與疑問(wèn)詞+不定式的轉(zhuǎn)化;與狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析

考點(diǎn)梳理：

一、　　賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞：

1、　　連詞that，只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略。

eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.

2、　　連詞if 、whether，它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作是否解，在口語(yǔ)中多用if。

eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

He asked me whether or not I was coming.

一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：

①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.

②在介詞前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.

③與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.

3、　　連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which，連接副詞when, where, why, how， 它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義

。

eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.

I wonder where he got so much money.

【注意】1、由連接代、副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以和疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。

eg. I dont know how I should do with the presents. I dont know how to do with the presents.

2、要注意區(qū)分判斷由if、when引導(dǎo)的從句類型.

二、　　賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序：

賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述語(yǔ)序，即連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它成分。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：它的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序是陳述語(yǔ)序，而不是疑問(wèn)句的倒裝結(jié)

構(gòu)。

Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)

Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( )

The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在從句中的成分)

陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,語(yǔ)序不變。 eg. She said, I will leave a message on the desk. She said

she would leave a message on the desk.

一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí),也要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語(yǔ)序。Eg. Where are the tickets? I asked him.

I asked him where the tickets are.

三、　　賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)：

賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的制約，此為時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。如果主句謂語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)��?lái)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不受

限制;如果主句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí))。

eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)

I thought (that) you would be free today. ( )

【注意】當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句敘述的是客觀真理時(shí)，不管主句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.

四、　　其他需要說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題：

1、　　標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號(hào);是疑問(wèn)句則用問(wèn)號(hào)。

eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?

2、　　要注意個(gè)別句子中主從句人稱的一致。

▲五、 賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分：

eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.

2) I dont know if the train has arrived.

句1中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)從句表示條件，修飾主句。整個(gè)句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從

句，充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞dont know的賓語(yǔ)。整個(gè)句子的意思是我不知道火車是否已到達(dá)。

判斷方法：

1、可以從整個(gè)句式看。狀語(yǔ)從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(個(gè)別除外)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。

2、從引導(dǎo)詞看。if充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whether， 詞義為是否，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，詞義為如果。when充當(dāng)

賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為什么時(shí)候， 充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候

3.從時(shí)態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句要注意：從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當(dāng)從屬連

詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship.

An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher.

They dont know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend

Could you tell me when (什么時(shí)候)the train arrives ?

Well go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow.

=If doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall.

They knew each other when(當(dāng)時(shí)候)they were children.

=When they were children

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