定語從句正誤辨析

[誤]I won't tell you the name of the person who teach me English.? ?

[正]I won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me English.? ?

[析]在定語從句中，關系代詞作主語時，從它本身看不出其數的形式，這時要由它的先行詞決定。這里who 應由 the person 單數決定，應該用單數謂語動詞。又如：I who am a student want to find a spare time job. 這里的 who 應與 I 是一致的，所以其謂語動詞應該用am。?

[誤]We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War.? ?

[正]We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War.? ?

[析]這里的關系代詞不要用 who，因為其先行詞有兩個一個是 things (物)，而另一個是people (人)，這時既不可用 who，又不可用 which，因前者只能用于先行詞是人的情況下，而后者則用于先行詞是物的情況下，所以只能用 that，因為它的先行詞既可以是人又可以是物。?

[誤]The book，that I bought yesterday，was very good.?

[正]The book，which I bought yesterday，was very good.? ?

[析]先行詞與定語從句被逗號分割開來時，即作為非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中 which，when，who，whom，where，when，whose 等都可以和限制性定語從句中的作用一樣，而獨有 that 不易用于非限制性定語從句。

[誤]The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool.? ?

[正]The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool.? ?

[析]關系代詞在定語從句中是要起語法作用的，它不是作主語就是作賓語。雖然在作賓語時它的位置由原來的賓語位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原賓語位置上不能再出現賓語。?

[誤]The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America.

[正]The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America.

[析]the one，anyone，those 作代詞并且是指某人、物時，其關系代詞不能用 which 應用 who。?

[誤]This is the room in that the old man lives.? ?

[正]This is the room in which the old man lives.? ?

[正]This is the room which the old man lives in.? ?

[正]This is the room that the old man lives in.? ?

[析]that 不能緊跟在介詞后作介詞賓語，但如果介詞不前置仍放于句尾，則可用 that 作引導詞，而且可以省略。如： This is the room the old man lives in.??

[誤]I can do everything which is good for you.? ?

[正]I can do everything that is good for you.? ?

[析]在先行詞是 all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one 等不定代詞時，雖然它們指的是物體，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定語從句的引導詞。?

[誤]The only thing which the students can do is studying hard.? ?

[正]The only thing that the students can do is studying hard.? ?

[析]在先行詞前有 only，any，few，little，no，all，one of 等詞修飾時，雖然先行詞指的是物，也不要用 which 作關系代詞，而要用 that。?

[誤]This is the first American film which I've ever seen.

[正]This is the first American film that I've ever seen.? ?

[析]在先行詞是序數詞，或由序數詞修飾時，其關系代詞不可用 which 這樣的用法還有在形容詞最高級修飾的先行詞之后，如：This is the best book that I have ever seen.

[誤]He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin.? ?

[正]He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin.? ?

[析]當 as 或 which 引導非限制性定語從句時，它可能沒有明確的先行詞，它們所指代的是前面整個句子。如例題應譯為他是從非洲來這個事情是可以從其膚色上看出的。

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