閱讀理解題技巧分析:

1、事實(shí)詢問題

此類題型的問題以what、who、which、when、where、how或why等詞引導(dǎo)，就文中某句、某段或某一具體細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)問并要求考生回答：如：

The Internet can show you a lot of jobs all over the world. If you want to find a job on the Internet, use the words “job search”or“employment”to find the websites you need.

( )What does the passage tell you to do first if you want to find a job on the Internet?

A. To type in “job search”to find the websites.

B. To write a good resume.

C. To prepare for an interview

D. To get an English dictionary

這是一道典型的事實(shí)詢問題，因?yàn)樗�的答案可以直接從文段中找到。根�?jù)第二句話，可以得知A為正確答案。

解這類題的主要方法是：1. 明確題意。2. 尋找答案來源。3. 找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞。4. 反復(fù)閱讀。

2、推理判斷題

既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。這類試題常以如下句式發(fā)問：

What can you conclude(下結(jié)論)from this passage?

What’s the author’s attitude(態(tài)度)towards...?

We can infer from the passage that...

Which statement is ( not ) true?

做這類題要求考生在閱讀同時(shí)，抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義。其次，對(duì)于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)理解，抓住實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。如：

Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one.”The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”

( )What can you conclude from this passage?

A. the engineer asked for too much money

B. the workers should pay the money

C. the knowledge is worth money

D. the new part could cost more

這篇短文是作者講的一個(gè)故事，那么通過這個(gè)故事我們可以判斷出什么呢?雖然作者沒有言明，但是我們可以斷定，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的所在需要智慧和知識(shí)，知識(shí)是創(chuàng)造價(jià)值的源泉，因此此題的正確答案應(yīng)為C。

3、數(shù)據(jù)推算題

此題要求學(xué)生就文章提供的數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系做簡單計(jì)算和推斷。

Visit Swansea Zoo

Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you.

TicketsOpening time

Grown-ups: $ 39:00 am ––– 4:00 pm

Children: Over 12:$2except Friday

Under 12: Free10:00 am –– 3:00 pm

( )1. How much does Mr Smith have to pay if he visits the zoo with his sons of fourteen and ten?

A. $2.00b. $5.00C. $4.00D. $3.00

( )2. Which of the following is the visiting time?

A. 8:30 am, WedB. 9:30 am, Fri

C. 3:00 pm, SunD. 4:00 pm, Tue

做此類題一要抓住有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)，二要從眾多的信息中找出那些有用的信息，三要抓住一些關(guān)鍵詞。實(shí)際上，上述兩題都可看作數(shù)據(jù)推算題，一題是算錢，另一題是算時(shí)間。

通過閱讀我們發(fā)現(xiàn)布告中的所有數(shù)據(jù)都是有用的，那么關(guān)鍵詞是：grown-ups, children, over 12, under 12, opening time, except Friday。第一題中Mr Smith是成人，須買3塊錢的門票，他一個(gè)14歲的兒子需買2塊錢的門票，另一個(gè)不滿12歲的兒子可免票，所以Mr Smith先生需花5塊錢，B是正確答案。第二題C是正確答案。

4、主旨大意題

此類題型用以考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解。如：

What does the passage mainly talk about?

What is the main idea of this passage?

What does the writer want to tell us?

What is the best title of this passage?

每一篇文章都有它的主題句，而每一個(gè)段落也各有主題句，它一般都用來表示一篇文章或一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。因此，找出文章和各段落的主題句(往往為第一句或最后一句)是解題的關(guān)鍵。抓住了主題句，文章的最佳標(biāo)題也就不難確定了。如：推理判斷題哪一節(jié)中的例文我們給它起個(gè)什么標(biāo)題好呢?我們?cè)谒�后面再加上一段話�?/p>

One dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable(合理的), but the $ 29,999 is exactly the value of wisdom and knowledge.

( )The best title for the passage should be ________ .

A. The Value of Knowledge

B. Helpless Workers

C. The Expensive Machine

D. The Lucky Factory

文中的最后一句是整篇文章的主題句，也就是文章的標(biāo)題，即：The Value of Knowledge“知識(shí)的價(jià)值”，A為正確答案。

5、經(jīng)驗(yàn)常識(shí)題

此類題主要是考查中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的多項(xiàng)綜合知識(shí)，包括：社會(huì)、天文、史地、科普及生活常識(shí)等。此類題往往與文章沒有直接關(guān)系，學(xué)生只能憑自己的常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷，然后做出符合規(guī)律的正確選擇。如：

( )We can guess when a giraffe sees a tiger ______ .

A. it will run away as fast as possible

B. it will run to eat the tiger

C. it will make the tiger bring it something to eat

D. it will make one of the smallest animals bring the tiger something to eat

這就是一道考查常識(shí)的題，長頸鹿看到老虎當(dāng)然是盡快跑開，故A是正確答案。

6、任務(wù)型閱讀

任務(wù)型閱讀是近幾年隨著任務(wù)型教學(xué)出現(xiàn)的新題型，它往往集中了上面所述的幾種題，以看圖或閱讀文章填表，填空等形式出現(xiàn)。要求考生通過閱讀完成所給任務(wù)。考查學(xué)生對(duì)圖表或文章的理解程度以及表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)的能力。請(qǐng)看下例：根據(jù)題目要求完成任務(wù)。(2004，北京海淀)

假如你正在為一些中國學(xué)生做導(dǎo)游，參觀，游覽英國倫敦的一個(gè)公園。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面公園的示意圖，為他們說明a、b、c、d四項(xiàng)公園規(guī)則。(請(qǐng)寫關(guān)鍵信息，句式不限。)

例：No recorders, please.

62. Sign a: ________________________

Sign b: ___________________________

63. Sign c :_________________________

Sign d: ____________________________

這道題讓考生辨認(rèn)圖標(biāo)，是一道常識(shí)和識(shí)圖解意相結(jié)合的題，同時(shí)也是讀寫結(jié)合題。通過考生所寫文字判斷他對(duì)圖的認(rèn)識(shí)程度和根據(jù)語言功能造句的能力。本題答案如下：

Sina a: Don’t play football here!

Sign b: No bikes here!

Sign c: Don’t throw bottles into the lake

Sign d: No swimming!

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