被動結構和系表結構的區別的基礎知識

所謂系表結構，在此指“連系動詞+用作表語的動詞-ed形式”結構。它與被動語態的形式完全一樣，所以在應用時應注意它們的區別。

被動結構和系表結構的區別的用法

A. 被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞，多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當于形容詞，多強調狀態。前者通常可用by+人或by+抽象名詞表動作的執行者，而后者則一般不用。

The gate to the garden was locked by the girl. 花園門被那個女孩鎖上了。(被動結構)

The gate to the garden was locked. 花園門鎖了。(系表結構)

The tree was blown down by the high winds. 那棵樹被大風吹倒了。(被動結構)

The tree was blown down when we saw it. 我們看到那棵樹時，它已經被吹倒了。(系表結構)

注意：

少數“連系動詞be + 用作表語的動詞-ed形式”也帶by短語。

The old man was surrounded by small children. 老人被孩子們團團圍住。(被動語態)

Guilin is surrounded by hills and mountains. 桂林周圍都是山。(系表結構)

We were held up by fog. 我們因霧受阻。(被動語態)

The tree is known by its fruit. 看到果子就知道是什么樹。(系表結構)

B. 系表結構一般只用于一般現在時、一般過去時等少數幾種時態;而被動語態可用多種時態。

The composition is well written. 這篇作文寫得很好。(系表結構)

The composition is being written. 這篇作文正在寫。(被動語態)

C. 系表結構中的過去分詞可被very, too, so修飾，被動語態中的過去分詞須用much修飾。

The boy was too frightened to move. 這孩子嚇得動也不敢動。(系表結構)

He was very excited.他很激動。(系表結構)

He was much excited by the news. 他聽到消息后很激動。(被動結構)

D. be + 不及物動詞的過去分詞通常是系表結構。

Her money is all gone. 她的錢都花光了。

The honoured guests are arrived. 貴賓們到了。

The moon is risen. 月亮升起來了。

She is grown up. 她長大了。

The leaves are fallen. 樹葉落了。

We are prepared for the worst. 我們已準備好應付最壞的情況。

E. 表示“充滿”意思的“be + 過去分詞 + with”結構多為系表結構。

The mountain is covered with snow all the year round. 這座山終年被積雪覆蓋。

The classroom was crowded with pupils. 教室里擠滿了學生。

The lake is dotted with fishing boats. 湖里漁帆點點。

The floor was piled with old books. 地板上堆滿了舊書。

F. remain, feel, lie, stand 以及 become, grow 等詞 + 過去分詞結構多為系表結構。

The matter remained unsettled. 這件事懸而未決。

She felt disappointed. 她感到失望。

The road became crowded. 道路擁擠了。

G. 句中有時間狀語和地點狀語時，一般為被動語態，反之為系表結構。

The bank is closed. 銀行現在關門了。(系表結構)

The bank is usually closed at six. 銀行通常六點關門。(被動語態)

He is married. 他結婚了。(系表結構)

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