動(dòng)名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式

否定結(jié)構(gòu)

動(dòng)名詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)由not 動(dòng)名詞組成。例如：

Trying without success is better than not trying at all.實(shí)驗(yàn)沒有成功也比不實(shí)驗(yàn)好。

He hated himself for not having work hard.他悔恨自己沒有用功。

I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before.很抱歉，沒有提早給你打電話。

He felt sorry for not having done the work well.他為沒有把工作做好感到難過。

I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going.我看不去對(duì)你倒好了。(not going 是動(dòng)名詞一般式的否定形式)

There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. (no denying 也是動(dòng)名詞一般式的否定)

復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

通常情況下，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語為謂語動(dòng)詞的主語。如果動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是謂語動(dòng)的主語時(shí)，則需要有自己的邏輯主語物主代詞或名詞所有格加動(dòng)名詞就構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以作主語，賓語等。

1.邏輯主語是有生命的名詞作主語時(shí)，必須用名詞或代詞所有格，作賓語時(shí)(尤其在口語中)，也可用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格。如：

Do you think my going there will be of any help?

你看我去會(huì)有什么幫助嗎?(主語)這里包含著一個(gè)賓語從句。

The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French.這位學(xué)生通曉英語對(duì)他學(xué)法語很有幫助。(主語)

Do you mind my(me) smoking你介意我抽煙嗎?(賓語)

They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there.他們堅(jiān)持要瑪麗跟他們一起去那兒。(介詞賓語)

2.邏輯主語是無生命名詞是，通常只用名詞普通格。如：

Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof?你聽見雨點(diǎn)打在屋頂上了嗎?

Is there any hope of our team winning the match我們對(duì)贏得比賽有希望嗎?

3.邏輯主語是指示代詞或不定代詞this ,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone 時(shí)，只用普通格。如：

She was woken up by somebody shouting outside.她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。

帶有邏輯主語的動(dòng)名詞稱為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時(shí)，要在動(dòng)名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中物主代詞(名詞所有格)是邏輯上的主語，動(dòng)名詞是邏輯上的謂語。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句。如：

Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。(=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)

Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 簡的粗心惹來了不少麻煩。(=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)

What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 煩擾他們的是食物不足。(=What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food.)

在口語中，如果動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來代替，但在句首作主語時(shí)不能這樣來代替。如：

Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的電腦介意嗎?

The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸堅(jiān)決要求兒子上大學(xué)。

Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.瑪麗病了，使她媽媽很著急。

His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。

在下列情況下動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓語：

a. 無命名詞

The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 這個(gè)嬰兒被猛烈的關(guān)門聲吵醒。

b. 有生命名詞但表示泛指意義

Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你聽說過婦女練拳擊嗎?

c. 兩個(gè)以上的有生命名詞并列

Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你記得你父母和我都告訴過你這事嗎?

一般式

(1) 動(dòng)名詞的一般式: doing

所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后。如：

We are very interested in collecting stamps.我們對(duì)集郵很感興趣。

His coming will be of great help to us .他來對(duì)我們大有幫助。

但是有些明確表示時(shí)間的動(dòng)詞和介詞　after,on,upon,或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。如：

I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次看到長城的情景。

On hearing that bad news,the mother couldn’t help crying.一聽到這個(gè)糟糕的消息，母親就禁不住哭了起來。

Excuse me for coming late.我來晚了，請(qǐng)?jiān)�諒�?/p>

Thank you for giving us so much help.謝謝你給了我們這么多幫助。

(2) 動(dòng)名詞的完成式: having done

所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語動(dòng)詞之前完成或結(jié)束。

He regrets not having taken part in the work.他后悔沒有參加這項(xiàng)工作。

We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.我們因提前完成了這項(xiàng)工作而受到了表揚(yáng)。

(3) 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式：being done

當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是行為承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：

I like being given harder work.我喜歡接受難點(diǎn)的工作。

She is proud of being admitted into the university.她為被大學(xué)錄取而感到自豪。

The meeting was put off without his having been consulted.會(huì)議延期并未和他商量。

He doesn’t mind having been criticized.他不介意過去受到的批評(píng)。

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