時態詳解

一、定義

過去將來時常用于賓語從句或間接引語中。

過去將來時常用“would +動詞原形”或“was / were going to +動詞原形”來表達。

過去將來時的基本特征，也就是我們今天所談到的“立足過去，著眼未來”。它表示從過去某一時間來看將要發生的某個動作或存在的某種狀態。

例如：Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane.

瑪麗告訴我說她將要坐飛機去上海。

二、用法

1.表示從過去某個時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。

I didn’t know when he would go to the park.

He said that he would wait for me at the school gate.

此種情況常用于賓語從句或間接引語中。用“was / were going to +動詞原形”，“was / were about to +動詞原形”表示將來的動作或狀態。

She told me she was going to fly to Yunnan.

I was about to leave the house when the telephone rang.

和一般將來時一樣，也可用相應的其他形式表示。

2.過去進行時態有時可用來表示過去將來。

He said the train was leaving atfive the next morning.

He said he was coming to see me.

常見于come, go等瞬間動詞。

(1)基本構成：

A ) would +動詞原形

如：He asked me if I would stay here.

他問我是否要待在這兒。

B ) was / were going to +動詞原形

如：No one knew when he was going to finish his homework.

沒有人知道他什么時候會完成作業。

C ) was/ were ( about ) to +動詞原形

如：He said that they were to leave at six.

他說他們將于6點動身。

She said that the meeting was about to begin.

她說會議就要開始了

D) come, go, arrive, leave, die等瞬時動詞，用在過去進行時態中表示過去將來。

如：She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan.

她告訴我們她將要去云南。

(2)基本用法：

A )主句為過去時，賓語從句常表示將要發生的事情。

如：Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years.

沒有人知道一百年之后將會發生什么事。

We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting.

我們想知道她是否準備在會上發言。

B )在敘述過去的事情或事情發生的經過時，用過去將來時表示在當時看將來會發生的事。

如：It was a Sunday afternoon. A young woman named Maria had just left school.

一個星期天的下午，一位名叫瑪麗亞的年輕人剛離開學校。

He was going to start to work the next week, so she decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.

因為她準備下周開始工作，所以，決定買些新衣服和一雙新鞋子。

C )過去將來時還可以用來表示非真實的動作或狀態。

如：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Harvard University.

如果我有機會出國學習的話，我就會去哈佛大學。

I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.

今晚他能和我一起去看電影就好了。

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