一 、連詞的概念

連詞起連接詞與詞、短語與短語及句子和句子的作用。它本身在句子里不單獨(dú)做句子成分。連詞主要包括并列連詞和從屬連詞。

并列連詞：是用來連接語法地位相同的結(jié)構(gòu)、相同的單詞、短語及句子。

并列連詞有：and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, still,

從屬連詞：用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句。

初中階段常用的從屬連詞有：after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless,, because, than, that, whether, so that, in order that, as if, although, as...as, such...that, in case that。

例如：

We may be leaving today or tomorrow. 我們可能今天或明天走。(連詞or連接today與tomorrow)

Now I must go or I shall be late for the party. 我現(xiàn)在得走，否則晚會(huì)我就要遲到了。(連詞or連接前后兩個(gè)句子I shall be late for the partyI must go和I shall be late for the party)

二、連詞的種類

連詞有兩類：

1）從屬連詞

：引導(dǎo)從句。隨著從句作用不同，它們又可分為幾類：

2）并列連詞：

連接兩個(gè)互不依從的次、短語或分句：

Slow but sure. 要慢而穩(wěn)。(連接單詞)

She’ll be back either this week or next week.

她將在這周或下周回來。(連接短語)

I went and she went also. 我去了，她也去了。(連接分句)

并列連詞有下面幾類：

三、從屬連詞的用法

1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞

這類連詞主要有：

when:

Don’t get excited when you talk. 講話時(shí)別激動(dòng)。

When he got up he felt dizzy. 他站起身時(shí)感到頭暈。

while:

We must strike while the iron is hot.

我們要趁熱打鐵。

While she ate she grew more restless.

她一邊吃一邊變得更加忐忑不安。

as:

As he spoke two men came up. 在他講話時(shí)兩個(gè)人走了進(jìn)來。

He smiled as he passed. 他經(jīng)過時(shí)笑了笑。

before:

Look before you leap. 三思而后行。

It will be five years before we meet again.

要五年后咱們才能再相見。

after:

I arrived after he had left. 在他走后我到了。

I’ll tell them after you have left. 你走后我在告訴他們。

until, till :

I’ll take no steps until you arrive.

你來之前我不會(huì)采取什么行動(dòng)。

since:

How long is it since you came to London?

你到倫敦有多久了?

It was years since I had seen her.

我有好多年沒見到她了。

whenever:

I go and visit him whenever I’m in town.

我每次進(jìn)城都去看他。

Whenever possible, they play outside.

一有機(jī)會(huì)他們就到外面玩耍。

2. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞

1)條件狀語從句主要由if, unless,

if:

I must leave if that’s the case. 如果情況如此我就得走了。

He will come if asked. 如果邀請(qǐng)的話他會(huì)來的。

unless:

I won’t write unless he writes first.

我不寫信，除非他先給我寫。

I’ll go there tomorrow unless it rains.

除非下雨，否則我明天去那里。

2)條件狀語從句還有其他形式：

You will always have a home as long as I have anything.

只要我有家產(chǎn)，你就永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)有一個(gè)家。

They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.

即使你不成功，他們也會(huì)支持你。

此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起連詞作用。

3. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞

引導(dǎo)目的的狀語從句的連詞主要有下面這些：

in order that:

He left early in order that his children would not be alone in the house.

他早早動(dòng)身，以免孩子們單獨(dú)待在家里。

I lent him ￡50 in order(so )that he might go for a holiday.

我借給他50英鎊，使他能去渡假。

so that:

Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.

讓她快點(diǎn)把信打好，以便我能簽字。

so:

Can’t you fix it somehow so you could stay longer?

難道你不能作某種安排以便能多待些日子?

I’ll give him a map so he won’t get lost.

我會(huì)給他一張地圖免得他迷路。

4. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞

1)結(jié)果狀語從句主要由so…that和such…that 引導(dǎo)：

so…that:

He was so young that you must excuse him.

他那樣年輕，你得原諒他。

He was so fat that he couldn’t get though the door.

他胖得連門都過不去了。

such…that:

Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.

吉姆吵成那樣，他姐姐讓他安靜點(diǎn)。

5. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞

1)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞主要有because, as, since:

because:

Because it was wet he took a taxi.

由于下雨他叫了一輛出租車。

as:

As David had a passion for walking, we started off on foot.

由于大衛(wèi)喜歡走路，我們就步行出發(fā)了。

As you’re sorry, I’ll forgive you.

既然你悔悟了，我就原諒你。

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