過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

定義：

一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。

She was fifty-eight then. In two years，she would be sixty.

她那時(shí)已經(jīng)58歲歲了，在過(guò)兩年，她就60了。

第二句中的“兩年后”并未沒(méi)有到來(lái)，但整件事情又是描述的過(guò)去的事情，所以要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

構(gòu)成：

同一般將來(lái)時(shí)，把系動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式，把will，shall變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式。

如下：

肯定句：

主語(yǔ)+be(was，were)going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

否定句：

主語(yǔ)+be(was，were)not going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

疑問(wèn)句：

Be(Was，Were)+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

肯定句：

主語(yǔ)+would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

否定句：

主語(yǔ)+would(should)not+動(dòng)詞原形 +其他

疑問(wèn)句：

Would(Should)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

at eight the next night

第二天早上6點(diǎn),

the next day

第二天下午2點(diǎn),

the next Friday

第二天,

the next week

下個(gè)星期五,

the next month

在下個(gè)月,

the next year

第二年,

the following day

第二天,

the following week

幾個(gè)星期之后，

the following month

接下來(lái)幾個(gè)月,

the following year

接下來(lái)的一年,

two days later

兩天后,

three weeks later

三周后,

four years later

四年后,

after 10 o'clock

經(jīng)過(guò)10點(diǎn)鐘以后,

after 10 o'clock in the morning,

after 9 o'clock

上午10點(diǎn),在9點(diǎn)鐘

用法：

1.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)，常常用于間接引語(yǔ)，也就是賓語(yǔ)從句中。

He said he would be there at 8 o’clock, and she thought he would keep her word.

他說(shuō)他會(huì)在8點(diǎn)到那，她認(rèn)為他會(huì)守信用的。

與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)搭配使用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有a week later一周后, the next month下個(gè)月, the following day 第二天等等。

2.一些表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的詞如go，come，leave，arrive等，可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或打算要做的事。

He said he was leaving for Beijing that afternoon.

他說(shuō)他那天下午就要前往北京。

I didn't know when they were coming again.

我不知道他們什么時(shí)候再來(lái)。

3.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)經(jīng)常用于表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。這時(shí)，不分人稱，都用would。

Whatever he did, he would use his left hand.

他無(wú)論做什么，總是用左手。

She would practise playing the piano whenever she was free.

那時(shí)，她一有時(shí)間，便去練習(xí)彈鋼琴。

4.“was/were going to do”、“was/were about to do”表示說(shuō)話的瞬間就會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作) 、“was/were to do”也相當(dāng)于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

When I arrive at the airport, the plane was just going to take off.

當(dāng)我到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，飛機(jī)剛好要起飛。

The attendant said that the train was about to leave.

那個(gè)列車(chē)員說(shuō)火車(chē)馬上就要離開(kāi)了。

初中階段，對(duì)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的要求不是很高，但是也不要疏忽，同學(xué)們只需掌握這篇文章所講的內(nèi)容就可以了!

對(duì)于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的考查，多以單選、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。在考試中，會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，以及如何正確使用。

今天我們就來(lái)講講英語(yǔ)中的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)和總結(jié)。

常見(jiàn)句型：

1、賓語(yǔ)從句中

當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，其賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果原本該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的，但要改為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。這種用法主要出現(xiàn)在間接引語(yǔ)中。

I asked the man opposite if he would open the door.

我問(wèn)對(duì)面的人他愿意不愿意開(kāi)門(mén)。

I always said he would wind up in jail.

我常說(shuō)他到頭來(lái)非進(jìn)監(jiān)獄不可。

2、虛擬條件句中

在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，其主句動(dòng)詞往往要采用would do的用法。

If he were you, he would reconsider my proposal.

他要是你，他會(huì)重新考慮我的建議。

He would pass out if he took one more drink.

要是他再喝一杯酒的話，他就會(huì)醉倒了。

3、as if/though引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型中

as if/though表示好像，其引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以有的句子就要采用would do的用法。

I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.

我覺(jué)得自己高興得心花怒放。

He felt as though he would faint out.

他感覺(jué)彷佛要昏過(guò)去了。

4、would rather句型中

would rather do表示寧愿做什么。

We would rather die than surrender.

我們寧死而不投降。

I would rather die than live in disgrace.

我寧可死，也不愿忍辱偷生。

5、would like to句型中

would like to do表示想要做什么。

I would like to have a word with you.

我想同你說(shuō)句話。)

Many people would like to take holidays abroad.

許多人愿意到國(guó)外度假。

典型錯(cuò)例分析：

1. 我們不知道他是否要在會(huì)上發(fā)言。

誤：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.

正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.

析：該句主句為過(guò)去時(shí)，且賓語(yǔ)從句表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以從句要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。

2. 老師問(wèn)湯姆長(zhǎng)大后準(zhǔn)備干什么。

誤：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.

正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.

析：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

3. 他們說(shuō)如果下星期天不下雨他們就去農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

誤：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.

正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.

析：在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，也常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

4. 王林打電話告訴她媽媽，她要買(mǎi)一些書(shū)。

誤：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.

正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.

析：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)可以由'助動(dòng)詞should/would+動(dòng)詞原形'構(gòu)成，但should一般只用于第一人稱。而would可用于各種人稱。

5. 上次我見(jiàn)到你時(shí)，你正打算開(kāi)始乘火車(chē)去西藏。

誤：Last time I saw you, you had started to go to Tibet by train.

正：Last time I saw you, you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.

析：last time是一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的顯著標(biāo)志。

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