01

含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

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含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)。如：

Your homework should be finished before 9 pm.

The plant needn’t be watered every day.

Must the room be cleaned twice a day, Mom?

When can my computer be repaired, Mr. Wang?

表示被動(dòng)意義的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：

1. read, ride, write, sell等作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

2. look, smell, taste, feel, sound等表感覺(jué)的連系動(dòng)詞也常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

練一練

一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.Many more trees should (plant) in the town.

2.Must the work (finish) by 6:30 this afternoon?

3.—How often do I need to feed the dog?

—It must (give) food three times a day.

4.The stars can (see) clearly this evening.

5.Tables can (make) of stone or wood.

二、把下列句子改為含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。

1.We should clean our teeth twice a day.

2.You must hand in your homework before class.

3.You can hang these old pictures in the living room.

4.Students can keep the dictionaries for three weeks.

5.We should make some rules to stop the kids from throwing rubbish.

☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

參考答案：

一、1.be planted

2.be finished

3.be given

4.be seen

5.be made

二、1.Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day.

2.Your homework must be handed in before class.

3.These old pictures can be hung in the living room.

4.The dictionaries can be kept for three weeks by students.

5.Some rules should be made to stop the kids from throwing rubbish.

02

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

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英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。

▲ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為is / am / are +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (+ by + 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)，句中常含有often, usually, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

▲ 在將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可參考以下例句：

Jenny① cleans② the room③ every day.

→The room③ is cleaned② by Jenny① every day.

把主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)③變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ);

把主動(dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞②(cleans)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)(is cleaned)。be的形式根據(jù)被動(dòng)句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)以及原主動(dòng)句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)確定。

把主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)①放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)若是代詞，將主格改為賓格。在無(wú)須說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。如：

People grow rice in the south of China. → Rice is grown in the south of China.

練一練

把下列句子改為含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。

1.Some big boys often laugh at the little girl.

2.A lot of people speak Chinese around the world.

3.Millions of people enjoy the Great Wall.

4.My grandpa waters these flowers every morning.

5.Everyone considers Dora to be the best student in the class.

6.People use chopsticks for eating noodles in China.

7.The students always keep the classroom clean.

☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

參考答案：

1.The little girl is often laughed at by some big boys.

2.Chinese is spoken by a lot of people around the world.

3.The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people.

4.These flowers are watered by my grandpa every morning.

5.Dora is considered to be the best student in the class.

6.Chopsticks are used for eating noodles in China.

7.The classroom is always kept clean by the students.

03

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

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一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)。如：Three trees were watered by Alan yesterday.

將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

有些動(dòng)詞如tell, give, send, lend, show, teach等后接雙賓語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將間接賓語(yǔ)提前變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不動(dòng);如果將直接賓語(yǔ)提前，則需要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加上to或for。如：

Mary gave Miss Lin a bunch of flowers.

→ Miss Lin was given a bunch of flowers by Mary.

→ A bunch of flowers was given to Miss Lin by Mary.

若動(dòng)詞后跟省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)加上to。如：

We saw a stranger walk into the teacher’s office.

→ A stranger was seen to walk into the teacher’s office.

“動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，需要保留后面的介詞或副詞。如：

The little girl took good care of her sick grandma.

→ The little girl’s sick grandma was taken good care of by her.

練一練

把下列句子改為含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。

1.Alice sent me a postcard last week.

2.Mom asked Jack not to spend too much time on computer games.

3.The workers built the teaching building six years ago.

4.All the students talked about the project earlier this morning.

5.We heard Liu Feng read English books under the tree.

☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

參考答案：

1.I was sent a postcard by Alice last week. / A postcard was sent to me by Alice last week.

2.Jack was asked not to spend too much time on computer games by Mom.

3.The teaching building was built by the workers six years ago.

4.The project was talked about by all the students earlier this morning.

5.Liu Feng was heard to read English books under the tree.

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