三

詞義猜測題的實戰技法

1.通過構詞法猜測詞義

閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生,轉化或合成的新詞,考生可以依據構詞法方面的知識來猜測詞義。

典例They like different kinds of amusements. The Germans are very hard-working.They like tidiness，especially the women，who always keep their home clean.

What does the underlined word“tidiness”mean in Chinese?

A.整潔B.安靜C.時尚D.隨意

2.利用標點符號猜測詞義

作者有時利用標點符號為一些生詞直接提供定義或解釋,這些符號無疑為考生理解或猜測生詞詞義提供了很好的線索,如破折號、引號等。考生在解題時要善于抓住這些線索。

典例Bob works in a car factory near his home. He works very hard. He needs to work 8 hours everyday. He will be on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.next day.

★What's the meaning of the underlined words?

A.開夜車B.夜班C.熬夜D.晚上休息

3.通過同義.反義關系猜測詞義

在生詞所在的上下文中,有時會出現與之同義或反義的詞語,這時可根據熟悉的詞語的含義推知生詞的含義。

典例 In its first year of business.Diners Club issued 200 cards.The customers who got the cards from the Diners Club could use them at 27 different restaurants.Today . Diners Club has about 8 million customers.and they can use their cards in over 7.6million businesses in more than 200 countries.

★The underlined word“issued” here probably means

A.showed B.took C. borrowed D. provided

4.通過定義.解釋和舉例猜測詞義

在閱讀材料中,特別是新聞報道及科普類說明文中,生詞后面往往用that is，mean，stand for,namely，refer to，in other words等或破折號引出說明性的內容,有時也用同位語、定語從句進行解釋說明。還有些文章經常用例子來說明前面較難理解的詞,這些例子可幫助考生準確猜測生詞。文章舉例時,常常會用一些連接詞，如 : such as，like，for example等。

典例 Why did he do it? Why did he break the law and endanger people's health? The answer is simple: He wanted to make more money.It was a moral failing，and this is at the heart of the food scandals in China.Too many people focus on making money and not on the effects their actions can have on others.

★It was a moral failing，and this is at the heart of the food scandals in China.Here what's the Chinese meaning of "moral failing”?

A.精神崩潰 B.道德滑坡 C.質量下降 D.心理失衡

5.根據釋義猜詞義

釋義常由定語從句或由is，or，that is ( to say ) , in other words , be called，be known as等詞匯短語或破折號來表示。

典例 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is，it will break easily. What 's the Chinese meaning of“brittle”?

A.強壯的 B.脆的 C.驕傲的 D.平靜的

6.通過上下文的聯系猜測詞義

任何一篇文章中的句子在內容上都不是絕對孤立的,都與句子所在的段落及整篇文章有聯系。因此,考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和線索進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析,進而猜測詞義。

典例 As she grew older. she accepted who she was.Still. she wanted to find the missing piece of the puzzle. After finding out the place of her birthparents. Ida went to Korea in 2008.When she first arrived，she was surprised to see so many people who looked like her. However,apart from her looks，not much could be shared with others.she knew little about the culture，food，especially the language.Being in Korea wasn't always easy for her.

★What does the phrase“apart from”mean?

A. except B.as for C. as well as D. besides

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