一. 定義

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的事情或動(dòng)作。

二. 結(jié)構(gòu)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞)

三. 用法

1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。

常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：

(1)We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.

昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暋?/p>

(2)What was he researching all day last Sunday?

上周日他一整天都在研究什么?

(3)My brother fell and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle.

我哥哥騎自行車的時(shí)候從車上摔下來(lái)，受傷了。

(4)It was raining when they left the station.

他們離開(kāi)車站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。

(5)When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.

當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候，陽(yáng)光燦爛。

2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。

時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或從句來(lái)表示。例如：

(1)What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?

昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么? (介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))

(2)She was doing her homework then.

那個(gè)時(shí)候她正在寫作業(yè)。(副詞表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))

(3)When I saw him he was decorating his room.

當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))

3. 在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

(1)When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.

他邊等車邊看報(bào)。 (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)

(2)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.

他擦車時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)

【典型例題】

1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made

B. is making

C. was making

D. makes

答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，“瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)”提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

A. read; was falling

B. was reading; fell

C. was reading; was falling

D. read;fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 "在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell (fall的過(guò)去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。

四. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)敘述舊事，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)描述背景。

2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示行為的“整體”和存在的狀態(tài)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表某一行為的“片斷”。

I read the book yesterday. (已讀完，表整個(gè)“讀”)

I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完，“讀”的片段)

3. 過(guò)去的一段持續(xù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)多與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。

It was raining all night.(優(yōu)先用was raining ,rained 為持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，故也可使用)

He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暫動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)時(shí)間連用，表反復(fù)，連續(xù)發(fā)生，不可用一般過(guò)去時(shí))

五. 注意

英語(yǔ)中有四類動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)(不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))。

1. 表心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞

如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用進(jìn)行時(shí)則詞意改變。

I’m forgetting it . (=beginning to forget )

2. 表存在、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞

如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等。

3. 表感官的動(dòng)詞

如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等。

4. 表非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞

如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。

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